The factors affecting the life of linear guide rail mainly include solid impurities, surface micro-geometry, surface residual stress, lubrication state, etc., which require us to pay attention to the following points.
1. Impurities on the surface of the ball and raceway
The introduction of solid impurities into the contact surface between the ball and the raceway is one of the main reasons for the wear of the guide rail pair. In particular, the introduction of some hard particles with specific sizes will destroy the normal contact between the ball and the guide rail surface, resulting in local high load and shortening the life of the guide rail pair. It should be noted that not all particles are harmful, and only those particles with specific size and greater hardness will have adverse effects on fatigue life.
2. Stress state
Because the optimal residual stress distribution is highly dependent on contact surface geometry and load strength, when the residual compressive stress is just superimposed on the elastic stress, a higher fatigue life can be obtained, and the stress state at this time is the optimal residual stress state.
3. Small wear and tear on the surface
The fine geometry of the surface has a great influence on the friction and wear of the guide rail pair. The rougher the surface, the more obvious the tool marks and cracks on the surface, and the easier it is to cause stress concentration at the lower part of the contour valley, which will reduce the life of the linear guide rail.
4. Lubrication state
The life of linear guide rail is also affected by lubrication state, because lubrication state directly affects the contact state of contact surface, thus affecting contact fatigue life. Good lubrication can form an oil film between the two contact surfaces, prevent direct contact between the two contact surfaces and slow down the increase of local contact pressure.
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